Burry my Heart at Wounded Knee - 1211 Words

Burry My Heart At Wounded Knee by Dee Brown Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is a historical narrative of the atrocities that Native Americans were forced to endure during the nineteenth century, primarily focusing on western tribes. This will be an in depth book report/ summary on what went on in this book, the primary focus, and the minor details. The strengths and weaknesses will also be stressed in this report along with an extensive analysis and evaluation. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee provides the reader with a perspective oh American History that many do not like to give attention to or accept. However unfortunate, acknowledgment must take place and be elucidated, the Indians courage and determination shall not be in vain and this book by Dee Brown expresses just how motivated the Native Americans were. Because this book is not fiction it is structured different than most â€Å"storyline† books, this report will follow that structure for clarity and efficiency. Brown was very detailed and thorough in his introduc tion and he emphasized each and every major Native American tribe of the time and gave a history of each. This report will cover the main casualties that each of the tribes faced with detail because of Browns use of â€Å"first-person statements by Indians and the records of treaty councils and other formal meetings with civilian and military representatives of the United States government.† Brown starts with the beginning, Christopher Columbus’ voyage to

Essay about Death of a Naturalist Analysis - 455 Words

Death of a Naturalist The poem, like Seamus Heaney’s work, is very nature minded in terms of context. However, he describes the frogs in a very evil, sinister, and menacing way. It is about a child who collects frog spawn from the dam and collects it in jars. He is innocent and unaware of the evil that lurks in the frog spawn. We can see in the poem that the boy is young, when he remembers his teacher teaching him about the frogs, and his way of calling the frogs ‘Daddy frog’ and ‘Mammy Frog’. The poem heavily appeals to the senses, which describes the more sinister parts of nature. Because when people think of nature they usually think of the more beautiful parts of it (e.g. mountains etc.) The poems appeal to senses shows how filthy†¦show more content†¦Words like slap, pop, slobber, farting, and croaked illustrates the realism of how the flax-dam is. The use of using onomatopoeia is to describe the nature and the surroundings, and to show the uncertainty that is going through the boy’s mind in the second stanza. Sibilant sounds are also used in the poem. Words like slap, slime, sods, and spawn show the uncertainty and the tension that the boy is under. Heaney also uses stop sounds to show his frightful and uncertain mood (Bluebottles, Poised, Grenades, Mud, Farting, Blunt, Kings, Vengeance etc). This stops the reader from flowing which gives a sense of uncertainty. Heaney uses the description of the frogs to convey the uncertainty that the boy is feeling. He describes the frogs as ‘†¦angry’, ‘†¦gross-bellied’ (which also uses stop sounds). They are described as having ‘†¦loose necks’ and ‘†¦blunt heads, farting’. This is used to describe the boy’s abhorrence he has for the frogs. He refers to the frogs as ‘†¦great slime kings’, which shows, in the boy’s imagination, that the frogs are rebellious and that they have ‘...turned’ on him, seeking ‘†¦for vengeance’. Another technique which Heaney uses to convey the frogs rebellious actions are using war terms about them. He depicts them as ‘†¦mud grenades’ and that they ‘†¦invaded’ the flax-dam. This portrays the conflict that is going on between the boy and the frogs, or in a contextual way, how Northern Ireland is in conflict.Show MoreRelatedDeath of a Naturalist Seamus Heaney Analysis Essays867 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Naturalist analysis Title * Dramatic * Evokes sadness – Heaney’s childhood innocence is lost * Metaphorical death – ‘death of innocence’ Content * It is partially linked to Blackberry-Picking in that: * It shows the good side of nature * It shows the harshness of nature * It shows Heaney’s childhood * The first stanza, Heaney describes how the frogs would spawn in the lint hole, with a digression into his collecting the spawn, and how his teacherRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Heaneys Death Of A Naturalist1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe title of the poem â€Å"Death of a Naturalist† is very suggestive itself; the death of someone who loved nature. However, it is about an individual whose emotions fluctuates towards nature as they grow up. In the first stanza of the poem Heaney uses a range of literary devices such as imagery, â€Å"green and heavy headed† and â€Å"warm thick slobber† which gives the reader a concrete representation of an impression, a feeling, or an idea that Heaney is trying to portray; which is the freedom and carefreeRead More A Comparison Between Death of a Naturalist and Digging Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison Between Death of a Naturalist and Digging For GCSE course work we have to compare two poems from a foreign culture. The two poems we picked were both by the popular Irish poem ‘Seamus Heaney.’ The two poems we’re looking at ‘Death of a Naturalist’ and ‘Digging’ could be seen as autobiographical. ‘Death of a Naturalist’ is basically about a young boy who had a keenness for nature, which has disintegrated throughout a summer. ‘Digging’ is about the poet remembering his childhoodRead MoreA Comparison of Death of a Naturalist and Digging by Seamus Heaney1517 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Death of a Naturalist and Digging by Seamus Heaney The poems Death of a Naturalist and Digging have many similarities, and contrasts. Some of the reoccurring themes in the two poems include memories of childhood and changes in the life of the writer. There are contrasts too, in Death of a Naturalist; the writer is concentrating on himself and his own experiences in life, rather than the experiences of others. In Digging, the opposite is true,Read MoreThe Era Of The 19th Century1135 Words   |  5 Pagesera of scientific upheaval was fueled by the challenges to Genesis and the Scala Naturae and the emergence of secularism. Naturalists focused on macrobiological concepts, such as Lamarck and Cuvier who debated the fixity (or lack there of) of species, as well as microbiological concepts, such as Schleiden and Schwann and the development of the Cell Theory. One such naturalist was Louis Pasteur. Pasteur was able to take advantage of the microscope and formulate the Germ Theory of Disease in 1861,Read MoreEssay about flannery oconner: queen of irony1743 Words   |  7 Pagesportrait of life† (McMichael 6). In contrast to their romantic and realist predecessors, the literary naturalists â€Å"emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no freewill, that their lives were controlled by hereditary and the environment, that religious â€Å"truths† were illusory, [and] that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death† (McMichael 7). The naturalist writer Stephen Crane, for instance, explored the absurdity of the human condition. His writing mostRead MoreNaturalism in Stephen Cranes Maggie: a Girl of the Streets1630 Words   |  7 Pagesare from: â€Å"Rum Alley† and â€Å"Devil’s Row†, imply to the reader that the inhabitants are both heavily dependent on alcohol and rough in their personalities. The fact that young children are fighting battles like animals echoes the similar themes of Naturalists portraying the city as a jungle, and its’ inhabitants equal to the animals that occupy it. Crane uses both similes and metaphors to add intensity and detail to his work. His work is peppered with colorful language that allows the reader to perceiveRead MoreDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 Pages Dr. Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Species; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his theory of evolution. By the 1870’s theRead MoreCharles Darwin: Naturalist and Leader in Science1414 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of this analysis, I will use information from Gardner’s Changing Minds (Gardner, 2006) and Uzzi and Dunlap’s How to Build Your Network (Uzzi , 2005) to assess Charles Darwin’s influence as a non-positional leader. I will also show a historical analysis, including my reasons for choosing Darwin as my subject, his background, the success and failures of his influence, as well as his legacy. Finally, I will submit my vision of non-positional leadership and mechanisms for leaders to exploreRead MoreAnalysis Of Annie Dillard s Living Like Weasels1413 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay Annie Dillard’s â€Å"Living Like Weasels† details Dillard’s encounter with a weasel in the wild, and her attempts to come to terms with her feelings about said meeting. Dillard not only goes into great detail about the experience itself, but she also provides a very good background on weasels, as well as others’ experiences with the animal. Through her use of background analysis on weasels, as well as with her own experience, Dillard uses the three rhetorical appeals to argue

Violation of Child Rights free essay sample

Violation of Child Rights Introduction First of all, if we want to talk about violation of child rights we have to define child rights, what they are, and to whom they are intended. †A child is any human being below the age of eighteen years, unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. , World leaders in 1989 decided that children needed a special convention, because children often need special care and protection that adults do not. The leaders also wanted to make sure that people under 18 year old have human rights too. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 and entry into force on September 2nd 1990. The Convention spells out the basic human rights that children everywhere have: the right to survival; to develop to the fullest; to protection from harmful influences, abuse and exploitation; and to participate fully in family, cultural and social life. The four foundation principles of the Convention are non-discrimination; devotion to the best interests of the child; the right to life, survival and development; and respect for the views of the child. Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent to the human dignity and harmonious development of every child. The Convention protects childrens rights by setting standards in health care; education; and legal, civil and social services. By agreeing to undertake the obligations of the Convention, national governments have committed themselves to protecting and ensuring childrens rights and they have agreed to hold themselves accountable for this commitment before the international community. States parties to the Convention are obliged to develop and undertake all actions and policies in the light of the best interests of the child. All children have the right to be protected from violence, exploitation and abuse. Yet, millions of children worldwide from all socio-economic backgrounds, across all ages, religions and cultures suffer violence, exploitation and abuse every day. Some girls and boys are particularly vulnerable because of gender, race, ethnic origin or socio-economic status. Higher levels of vulnerability are often associated with children with disabilities, who are orphaned, indigenous, from ethnic minorities and other marginalized groups. Other risks for children are associated with living and working on the streets, living in institutions and detention, and living in communities where inequality, unemployment and poverty are highly concentrated. Natural disasters, armed conflict, and displacement may expose children to additional risks. Vulnerability is also associated with age; younger children are at greater risk of certain types of violence and the risks differ as they get older. Violence, exploitation and abuse are often practiced by someone known to the child, including parents, other family members, caretakers, teachers, employers, law enforcement authorities, state and non-state actors and other children. Only a small proportion of acts of violence, exploitation and abuse are reported and investigated, and few perpetrators are held accountable. Many children are exposed to various forms of violence; but I will pay attention to a few of them: sexual violence, armed violence, child trafficking, and child marriage. Sexual violence against children Sexual violence against children is a gross violation of children’s rights. But it is a global reality across all countries and social groups. It takes the form of sexual abuse, harassment, rape or sexual exploitation in prostitution or pornography. It can happen everywhere, in homes, institutions, schools, workplaces. Also the internet and mobile phones put children at risk of sexual violence as some adults look to the internet to pursue sexual relationships with children. There is an increase in the number and circulation of images of child abuse. Children themselves also send each other sexualized messages or images on their mobile phones, so called ‘sexting’, which puts them at risk for other abuse. In 2002, WHO estimated that 150 million girls and 73 million boys under 18 years experienced forced sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual violence involving physical contact. Millions more are exploited in prostitution or pornography each year, most of the times lured or forced into these situations through false promises and limited knowledge about the risks. But the problem is that the true magnitude of sexual violence is hidden because of its sensitive and illegal nature. Most children and families do not report cases of abuse and exploitation because of stigma, fear, and lack of trust in the authorities. Social tolerance and lack of awareness also contribute to under-reporting. Evidence shows that sexual violence can have serious short- and long-term physical, psychological and social consequences not only for girls or boys, but also for their families and communities. This includes increased risks for illness, unwanted pregnancy, psychological distress, stigma, discrimination and difficulties at school. Armed violence Children are affected by armed violence in different ways. First, and most brutal, they can be killed or injured. In the last decade, an estimated two million children have been killed in armed conflict. A total of perhaps four to five million more have been disabled as a result of their experience in war, and more than 12 million have been made homeless. However the effects are much broader. For example the death or injury of a caregiver changes a child’s life considerably and may force them to take on responsibilities that interfere with their education. Armed violence results in forced displacement of families and severely affects household livelihood and income; it blocks access to basic services and to education and healthcare. Moreover, children need to be protected not only from the violence itself but also from being coerced into engaging in it themselves. Child trafficking The International Labor Organization’s in 2002 estimation that1. 2 million children is being victim of trafficking each year. It is a violation of their rights, their well-being and denies them the opportunity to reach their full potential. Protecting trafficked children requires timely victim identification, placing them in safe environment, providing them with social services, health care, psychosocial support, and reintegration with family and community.. Child labor Millions of children work to help their families in ways that are neither harmful nor exploitative. However, UNICEF estimates that around 150 million children aged 5-14 in developing countries, about 16 per cent of all children in this age group, are involved in child labor. ILO estimates that throughout the world, around 215 million children under 18 works. In Sub Saharan African 1 in 4 children aged 5-17 work, compared to 1 in 8 in Asia Pacific and 1 in 10 in Latin America. Although aggregate numbers suggest hat more boys than girls are involved in child labor, it is estimated that roughly 90 per cent of children involved in domestic labor are girls. It is not only a cause, but also a consequence of social inequities reinforced by discrimination. Children from indigenous groups or lower castes are more likely to drop out of school to work. Migrant children are also vulnerable to hidden and illicit labor. Child marriage Child marriage is defined as a formal marriage or i nformal union before age 18. It is a reality for both boys and girls, although girls are more affected. About a third of women aged 20-24 years old in the developing world were married as children. Child marriage is most common in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.. While statistics from 47 countries show that the median age at first marriage is gradually increasing, this improvement has been limited primarily to girls of families with higher incomes. 48 per cent of women from the age 45-49 were married before the age of 18; the proportion has only dropped to 35 per cent of women 20-24 years old. Evidence shows that girls who marry early often abandon formal education and become pregnant. Maternal deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth are an important component of mortality for girls aged 15–19 worldwide, accounting for 70,000 deaths each year. If a mother is under the age of 18, her infant’s risk of dying in its first year of life is 60 per cent greater than that of an infant born to a mother older than 19. Even if the child survives, he or she is more likely to suffer from low birth weight, under nutrition and late physical and cognitive development. Child brides are at risk of violence, abuse and exploitation Finally, child marriage often results in separation from family and friends and lack of freedom to participate in community activities, which can all have major consequences on girls’ mental and physical well-being. Child marriage functions as a social norm. Marrying girls under 18 years old is rooted in gender discrimination, encouraging premature and continuous child bearing and giving preference to boys’ education. Child marriage is also a strategy for economic survival as families marry off their daughters at an early age to reduce their economic burden. Conclusion

The Necessity of ObamaCare in the United States free essay sample

The United States is heavily watched around the world in terms of politics or any other action as it is one of the leading countries of the world. Recently, the United States caught the eye of the world in its recent debate of the health care reform. Most commonly referred to as â€Å"ObamaCare† the official name is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) or for short, the Affordable Care Act (ACA). President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 signed the Affordability Care Act into law to reform the health care industry and it was later upheld by the supreme court on June 28th, 2012. â€Å"The goal of ObamaCare is to give more Americans access to affordable, quality health insurance, and to reduce the growth in health care spending in the U. S. † (ObamaCare Facts n. d). The debate is centred around the Republican Partys actions of trying to stop the implementation of this law. However, I believe the Republican Party has no right to prevent the implementation of the health care reform in the United States as it undermines â€Å"the three elements of democracy – liberty, equality and solidarity† (Brodie,ReinSmith p. 36). It does this as it is withholding affordable healthcare of the expansion of Medicaid and Medicare and offering cost assistance through healthcare insurance marketplaces to around 44 million Americans who are unable to get health insurance with the majority of uninsured being poor working families and those who simply cannot afford health insurance. Therefore, going against democracys free form of always including those not yet involved (Brodie,ReinSmith p. 38) which therefore directly mocks the idea of solidarity and its sense of belonging or acceptance. In order to fully grasp the concept of the argument a few key terms needs to be defined. â€Å"Democracy is any form of government in which the rules of society are decided by the people who will be bound by them† (Brodie,ReinSmith p. 32). Equality is a term conveying the idea that all citizens should have the same access to the political sphere, the rule of and social entitlements. Solidarity is a term that refers to a kind of membership in the political community, and feelings of belonging associated with the acceptance by that community. The healthcare reform gives us a chance to rethink equality via solidarity where it is an equality of opportunity instead of equality of chance where everyone is granted the opportunity and are able to have health insurance via the Affordable Care Act. The sense of solidarity is therefore highlighted in the benefits of ObamaCare. The benefits of ObamaCare definitely outweigh the cons without a doubt. Before the law you could be denied coverage or treatment because you had been sick in the past, be charged more because you were a woman, be dropped mid-treatment for making a simple mistake on your application, and had little or no way to fight insurance company appeals. Today all Americans have access to a large number of unprecedented new benefits, rights and protections. The major ones outlined by the healthcare reform are there are many of uninsured persons who will get access to affordable quality health insurance through the marketplace, thus 82% of uninsured adults will qualify for free or low cost insurance. Insurance companies are not allowed to dismiss you when you are sick or if you make a mistake on your application. Neither can you be denied coverage or charged more for pre-existing conditions such as being sick. Another benefit is that young adults are able to stay on their parents plan until the age of 26. Also there is better care and protections for seniors and â€Å"essential health benefits like emergency care, hospitalization,prescription drugs, and maternity and newborn care must be included on all non-grandfathered plans at no out-of-pocket limit† (ObamaCare Facts n. d). Additionally, you cannot be charged more based on health or gender. ObamaCare helps to curb the growth in healthcare spending with reforms to the health industry to cut wasteful spending. Seeing all of these benefits, it shows the irrationality of Republicans refusal of the healthcare reform as these provisions encompass solidarity in terms of those who were unable to have health insurance will be able to which brings out the equality of opportunity and linking to solidarity, are now able to have a sense of membership into the political and healthcare community as they are now able to enjoy the benefits of healthcare as the majority did before. After all, everyone deserves the right to healthcare. However, the Republicans knowing what the Affordability Act entailed did as much as they could to refute it and thus caused the United States to become the focus of the world because of the government shutdown due to their actions. One of the Republicans many attempts to refute ObamaCare ended up in a shutdown of the United States government beginning from October 1st, 2013 and it lasted up to 2 weeks. It was time for the spending bills to be passed and the Republicans insisted any new spending bill include provisions to hinder ObamaCare. They therefore, passed two spending bill amendments, one that would delay ObamaCare for a year and one that would repeal the ObamaCares medical device tax. However, the health care law isnt directly tied to funding the government, but its being used as a bargaining chip. The Senate rejected this proposal, which prompted the House to approve another spending plan that would remove the Obamacare individual mandate. The Senate rejected that as well thus resulting in the government shutdown. It should be noted that , â€Å"democracy privileges solidarity over ego† (Brodie,ReinSmith p. 41) and the Republicans actions stemmed from their ego thus there is no justification for their actions. Furthermore, the article â€Å" Health Reform 2010: The Missing Philosophical Premises in the Long- Running Health Care Debate† by Theodore R. Marmor, puts forth a comparison of the healthcare systems of Germany, Canada, England, Japan, and France to the United States. â€Å"Each, as distinct from the United States, has created a universal health care program fundamentally based on the idea that medical care is a merit, not a market good. The equal access standard does not, of course, mean ideal practice, but care is more equally distributed as a result† (Marmor p. 569). This is now what ObamaCare seeks to do by imposing on the health care system that is seen to be run by private-profit companies, whose bottom line is money and not health. This idea of medical care being a â€Å"merit† and having more equally distributed care are two factors entailed in ObamaCare. This is where the elements of democracy freedom, equality and solidarity once again come into play. Healthcare becoming more equally distributed directly deals with equality which is directly linked to solidarity and the sense of belonging or acceptance as those previously without healthcare are now in the mix. Consequently, I have shown that the Republicans would like to see ObamaCare repealed. If it is repealed then millions of Americans will be without proper health coverage, and insurance companies will continue to be able to deny coverage for pre-existing conditions. Without healthcare reform America will continue to suffer the consequences of a health care system controlled by private for-profit companies, whose bottom line is money and not health. Debates in the US press detract from the fact that healthcare is about shared humanity and solidarity, not ideology. The Republicans actions are not justified as it is seen to be stemmed from ego while the Affordability Care Act with its many benefits encompass the idea of the elements of democracy – freedom, equality and solidarity.

Warriors Dont Cry Essays - School Segregation In The United States

Warriors Don't Cry In the book Warriors Don't Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals, the author describes what her reactions and feelings are to the racial hatred and discrimination she and eight other African-American teenagers received in Little Rock, Arkansas during the desegregation period in 1957. She tells the story of the nine students from the time she turned sixteen years old and began keeping a diary until her final days at Central High School in Little Rock. The story begins by Melba talking about the anger, hatred, and sadness that is brought up upon her first return to Central High for a reunion with her eight other classmates. As she walks through the halls and rooms of the old school, she recalls the horrible acts of violence that were committed by the white students against her and her friends. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Brown vs. The Board of Education that schools needed to integrate and provide equal education for all people and it was unconstitutional for the state to deny certain citizens this opportunity. Although this decision was a landmark case and meant the schools could no longer deny admission to a child based solely on the color of their skin. By 1957, most schools had began to slowly integrate their students, but those in the deep south were still trying to fight the decision. One of the most widely known instances of this happening was at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. It took the school district three years to work out an integration plan. The board members and faculty didn't like the fact that they were going to have to teach a group of students that were looked down upon and seen as inferior to white students. However, after much opposition, a plan was finally proposed. The plan called for the integration to happen in th ree phases. First, during the 1957-1958 school year, the senior high school would be integrated, then after completion at the senior high level, the junior high would be integrated, and the elementary levels would follow in due time. Seventeen students were chosen from hundreds of applicants to be the first black teenagers to begin the integration process. The town went into an uproar. Many acts of violence were committed toward the African-Americans in the city. Racism and segregation seemed to be on the rise. Most black students decided to stay at Horace Mann, the black high school that was underfunded and didn't boast a very high graduation rate, let alone much of a college acceptance percentage. Some out of fear and others just accepted the harsh and unfair circumstances. The state and town passed laws and ordinances as the school year drew near in order to keep the school from integrating. Even the state governor refused for the desegregation process to happen without resistance. Some blacks also opposed the desegregation for fear of future repercussions. The nine brave students, however, refused to be stopped. On September 3, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Jefferson Thomas, Minnijean Brown (Trickey), Carlotta Walls (LaNier), Terrence Roberts, Gloria Ray (Karlmark), Thelma Mothershed-Wair, and Melba Patillo Beals set off for school. The governor of Arkansas, Orvel Faubus, had sent National Guardsmen to the school the previous day to surround the building and keep all African-Americans from entering its doors. He stated in an interview that the reason for the troops was he heard a rumor that white supremacists were going to riot and he was just protecting the students. He declared Central High off-limits to all people of color in order for their own protection. The students never did make it into school that day. Before they even reached the property they were met with great resistance from racist citizens who spat upon them, mocked them, threw sharp objects at them, and even physically beat them. Melba describes the deep hurt she felt as for the first time in her life she saw the harsh re ality of racism at its worst. The next day the students met with Daisy Bates, the head of the regional NAACP, and decided to all walk in together. The problem was, Ms. Bates had tried to call all of the students but one

effects of 2000 elections. essays

effects of 2000 elections. essays The Election that Turned on the Lightbulb in America The election process has finally ended, and out from the dust, a new president comes forward. Like an old Western movie, the battle between two foes has prompted a new method of handling the town's affairs. As a result of the election, the country will benefit enormously from the mistakes it had uncovered over the past month or so. We have found a new faith in our judicial system. As well as a new found respect for the slogan, "every vote counts." In addition, the media has been forced to change their approach on reporting the election. Thus, the country can only strive from overcoming adversity and gaining new knowledge. The judicial system emerged to be a fair and powerful force during the final days of the election fiasco. First, it gave a detailed lesson on the process of judicial review and constitutional laws, that in effect, gave the American people a sense of fairness and truth. The exchange of court battles from circuit courts, to appeal courts, to state supreme courts, to US Supreme Court, seemed to bring no end to the conflict in the state of Florida. Finally, with the constitution on their side, the Supreme Court of the United States made a decision that gave Americans a sigh of relief. It gave the right to decide the election in the hand of the people, and more precisely, to the secretary of state of Florida. The judicial system became the median between political parties that were at warfare. At times, the decisions made by the courts favored both George Bush and Al Gore. The election confirmed, our judicial branch was fair and not influenced by political belief. Consequently, the courts came out of this election as a father figure that is not bias nor weak. The voting process was affected heavily by the two thousand elections. Countless problems with ancient voting ballots and mac ...

The Interactionist View of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

The Interactionist View of Crime - Essay Example The Interactionist view of crime explains delinquent gang behavior in a very elaborate way because it is according to this view that laws banning murder, rapes, and robbery have political undertones. This view of crime states that reality does not exist and therefore crimes are termed either as good or evil. The best example for this view of crime is people viewing some films while others cannot because they think they are not appropriate. Many people refer to criminals condemned under this view of crime as outcasts because they went against the social consensus and norms. All the three perspective views have good points but I think I would go for the conflict view of crime to explain delinquent behavior because I is important to acknowledge the differences between the lower classes compared to the upper class and this is the only perspective that can truly address the problem at hand (Siegel, 2006). First track can help reduce crime from all over the world because short-term effects of crime vary depending on age, sex and culture. Both boys and girls react differently towards crime the same way they handle breakups and heartbreaks. In Belmont for example, adolescents learn how to use guns fast because some are required to do so by their parents for the purposes of self-defense and security just like fast track would help them reduce crime as mentorship from their parents. It is without doubt that crime has spoilt adolescents and the image has stuck in the minds of many people living in America and I believe that fast track can help reduce crime if not fully eradicating it. Crime has seen many people lose their lives from gunshots and fights. According to Nicholas, a researcher who emphasizes more on the use of fast track to reduce crime, many young youths end up in crime due to lack of money and the only way they make quick money is through robbery, selling drugs and engaging in street fights, which relate to violence (Siegel, 2006). The role played by violence in the lives of adolescents in South Bronx is nothing but spoiling them and sending them to grave at an early age.

Analysis of breastfeeding ad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of breastfeeding ad - Essay Example People may find the image controversial, thrilling or some may even judge it as obscene because of the showing of the nipples but it cannot be denied that it only reflects the reality that babies really suck nipples to be fed. If this image will be judged as obscene, its creator can readily defend themselves that they are only portraying a reality. The ad may be controversial but it cannot be readily dismissed as garbage because it was created by a reputable ad agency. It meant that the people who created the ad were professionals and knows what they are doing. The reputation of the advertising agency who created it made the ad credible and served as the ethos. Initially, people may want to dismiss the ad as something obscene or improper but when they realize that it was actually created by a professional and global advertising agency, they would tend to analyze and reconsider their opinion and look the ad closely. Had this image been created by a nobody, it would have dismissed as d isrespectful and obscene. But it received a different treatment when it was made by an advertising agency that breastfed advocated even lauded the ad. The advertisement becomes very powerful because the image used the rhetorical tools of pathos, ethos, and logos effectively. The image of the baby sucking his or her mother’s nipple is very emotional. It is also logical because that is how really babies are fed. It is also credible because it is made by a reputable advertising agency. The ad is so powerful that it stirred controversy.

Trade unions should...have rights which empower them and their Essay

Trade unions should...have rights which empower them and their members. These rights should be clear and unequivocal, and they s - Essay Example Historically, there have been minimal official restrictions on freedom of association in the United Kingdom, even though there have been several, created by a variety of issues (Keith 2008). Mostly, and definitely in the recent decade, the primary concern is related to limitations on trade unions with regard to which several statutory limitations and other restrictions have been implemented (Wrigley 2002). These actions have raised several communications and grievances to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the administrative units of which have had opportunity to discover that the legal code under consideration fails international labour standards (Servais 2008). This subject matter is specifically related to the perspective of the International Covenant’s Article 22 taking into consideration the fact that the essence of these mechanisms is identified by paragraph 3, as this essay will discuss, the exact implication of this prerequisite is quite indefinite. As stated by Keith Ewing and Carolyn Jones (2006): â€Å"Trade unions should... have rights which empower them and their members. These rights should be clear and unequivocal, and they should properly equip trade unions... to act within the boundaries of international labour standards to protect the interests of their members. This means a right to organise, a right to bargain and a right to strike in a new legal settlement for British trade unions...(p. 35)† In view of this statement, this essay will critically analyse the industrial relations law in the United Kingdom. It will provide a brief historical discussion of the law relating to freedom of association and the right to strike and will identify which aspects of UK industrial relations law fail to meet international standards. The Right to Freedom of Association As stated in Article 22(1) (Jayawickrama 2003): Everyone shall have the right to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and join trade unions f or the protection of his interests (p. 735). What is quite ambiguous is the degree to which Article 22 safeguards the movement of individuals who are in association with others. A major problem, stressed by the constitutional courts on the one hand and European Court of Human Rights’ covenant on the other, is whether securities resembling those in Article 22(1) are valid only to safeguard the right to freedom of association, or whether they act further by safeguarding the freedom to act in association with others to advocate the fundamental objectives of the association under consideration (Blanpain 2010). The mechanism in constitutional and international law, by and large, has been to espouse the earlier, much restricted, and much less radical context of interpretation (Keith 2008). As stated by Lecher and Platzer (1997), it is the perspective of the Human Rights Committee as well. Taking into consideration the quite narrow statute it is challenging to determine with any lev el of accuracy whether and to what degree UK law and practice meet Article 22(1). Nevertheless, there are three primary concerns which emerge for analysis: (1) the right to join an association; (2) right of the association to manage its internal activities; and (3) the right of the asso

AIS and MIS Comparison

AIS and MIS Comparison Briefly discuss the difference between AIS and MIS.   Ã‚   MIS and AIS are all computer-based information systems that are very helpful for any organizations to keep records correctly and make the right decision for the operations. They are two different main system is an organization. The major difference is AIS and MIS provide diverse information to the organization by different transactions. AIS subsystems processing by financial transactions which are monetary transactions affect assets and equity, shown on the accounts. Whilst it also process nonfinancial transactions that directly affect the processing of financial transactions. (p.7) According to the figure 1-2, those transactions and cycles under AIS are all about economic event convert to financial transactions and expressed as numbers or figures in the accounts. Such as sold inventories, this movement will incur the revenue and equity figures changed on accounts. These kinds of changes will also affect the GL and MRS to provide information timely changed. In another hand if the customer account detail changed which is nonfinancial transaction processed by AIS, The MIS processes nonfinancial transactions that are not normally processed by traditional AIS. (p.7)  the organization normally has many departments such as production planning, inventory warehouse planning, market research, and so on. MIS is to help those different areas operate normally and provide information for further decision making. Another important difference is AIS and MIS provide information to different parties. AIS are not only providing the information for internal users but also for the external users such as suppliers, customers and auditors and so on. Especially for the auditors, AIS is help to provide correctly and legally information. MIS is mainly providing information to internal users such as the management team of the organization. In conclusion, AIS and MIS provide different information through different transactions to different parties. But there are also connections between AIS and MIS. AIS also provide the financial information to the MIS. Some movement in MIS is also affecting AIS. AIS and MIS are all important system to any organization. Briefly discuss the characteristics of information in the context of accounting information system. Information is can be defined as processed data and can help user to take further actions or make further decisions. (p.10). The characteristics of information in AIS include relevance, timeliness, accuracy, completeness, and summarization. (p.12) Relevance means relevant information for a specific purpose of the task or help manager to do further decision. For example, the main purpose of an invoice is let customer pay the right amount and know what they bought. Therefore the invoice shows the amount that customer should pay, and also shows the product name, code which customer bought. Timeliness means provide timely information. For instance, if a statement shows pay it within 15 days will get a 2% discount, if they receive this statement and information within 15 days, that will be useful, otherwise will lose the value of this information. Accuracy means avoid to provide information with major errors. For example, if a balance sheet shows the total asset is $100000, but the actual amount should be $90000, this error may cause the user make poor decisions. It could be cause by a data errors or process error. Sometimes, we have to give up the absolutely accurate to provide timely information, therefore system designer need make balance between accuracy and timeliness. Completeness means should include all the essential information for decision making or daily tasks. For example, an income statement should include the calculation of the profit or loss, and must be clearly showing the figures. Summarization means the information should summarized as the user needs. As the higher management, the more summarized information is needed. Others, the independent of the information which means the accounting activities must be separated and independent from physical resources management and preservation. In conclusion, relevance, timeliness, accuracy, completeness, and summarization are very important to obtain reliable information to the user. Reliability can determine the value of the information. (p.16) If follow those characteristic, information will be reliable and provides maximum value to the user. When developing, or selecting an accounting system, identify who should be involved and the contribution that they bring to the process. Organizations usually get the accounting system through two ways, self-developing and purchase or rent commercial software. To develop or selecting an accounting system, we need someone who understand accounting knowledge which is accountant, and someone who understand the database and network which is IT professionals. Accountant and IT professionals are all plays very important roles. But they have different contributions bring to the process. Accountant as a domain expert is a very vital role. They provide professional accounting concept and frame to the system. Such as set accounting process rules, reporting requirements, and build the internal control goals. (p.20) For example, different customers have different payment terms, sales department or credit department for some business need the delinquent accounts information from the AR department. This information will help the sales or credit department make a further decision to hold the sales of the customer or not. Accountant need set the standard to identify delinquent customer account in this case. They may set a credit amount for every customer and the system might show a message once over the amount or hold the accounts until they pay off. Accountant need determine the nature of the required information, its source, destination and the need of accounting rules.(p.20) Accountant as a system auditor is also an important role for developing or selecting the accounting system. Some public accounting firm can give advisory service of information system design and implementation, and internal control assessments for compliance with SOX. (p.21) although the accounting firm could use their auditor concepts for the advisory service, they could not be the real auditor to the company, it is no value to the organization and it is illegal under SOX legislation. IT professionals are responsible for the establishment of actual physical system. The physical system includes the database and programming for calculate and present information. IT professionals need ensure to build the accounting system work efficiently. They also play an important role for the test and maintenance of the accounting system. Once the system is selected or development is completed, they will need doing test and if any errors they need fixed the errors. System requires constant maintenance and repair to ensure the accuracy of information. Accountant and IT professionals need work together when developing or selecting an accounting system. They are all essential. Define fraud and identify and discuss three different examples to illustrate how it may arise in the workplace. In each case illustrate a strategy that may be used to mitigate its impact or occurrence. Briefly explain the COSO internal control framework. The COSO internal control framework is issued by Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. (p.116)  It is recommended by SEC1, also is the general framework of internal control evaluation standard. The COSO framework defines internal control is affected by corporate board of directors, management and other personnel, in order to achieve operational effectiveness and efficiency, financial report reliability, the compliance of the relevant regulations and other objectives to provide a reasonable guarantee process. We can explain it from 5 different aspects, the control environment, risk assessment, information and communication, monitoring, and control activities. (p.116) Control environment is the fundamental key of the organization, it directly affect the control consciousness of the staffs. It include the integrity of the staff, professional ethics and organization structure; management of the business philosophy and management style; board of directors or the audit committee of the supervision and guidance; the allocation of authority and responsibility; the methods of performance evaluation and human resources policy. à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ p.116à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °It can be said that people and their activities are the core of enterprise, is the important factor of internal control environment, it interacts with environment. Risk assessment is to identify and analyze the relevant risks to achieve the established goals; it is the basis of risk management. Each enterprise is faced with a lot of internal and external risks, affecting the realization of business goals, such as the changes of the operating environment, new staffs, the use of new system or new technology, new product introduction, entre into a foreign market or practice of new accounting rules and so on. It is necessary to identify, analyze and manage those risks that affect the achievement of the target and manage them in timely manner. (p.118) Information and communication means that the information needed for business management must be identified, obtained and delivered in a certain form in a timely manner so that the employee can perform their duties. The accounting information includes not only internally generated information, but also external information related to business decision making and external reporting. It is important for an accounting information system whether the information is processed timely and accurately. The auditor needs to understand the transactions, accounting record, transaction processing steps, financial reporting process. (p. 118) Monitoring is the process of assessing the effectiveness of the internal control system, through continuous monitoring, independent assessment or a combination of the two to achieve the internal control system supervision. Internal control activities refer to policies and procedures that facilitate the smooth implementation of management decision-making. It includes information technology (IT) controls and physical controls. IT controls is rated to computer environment, it has two aspects, general control such as the control of database and network security and so on, and application control such as the control of accounts payable, and payroll applications and so on. Another aspect is physical control, which are human activities. It includes transaction authorization, segregation of duties, supervision, accounting records, access control, and independent verification. (p.119) COSO internal control framework is a relatively complete and systematic theory of internal control, and it put forward a lot of valuable ideas, constantly found the practical significance in practice.

North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? :: Nuclear proliferation

North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? Introduction It is 2025. After decades of bickering and intense fighting, India and Pakistan finally break out into general war. Millions are killed in the nuclear exchange. Other countries are drawn into the fray, ultimately widening the landscape of war. The death toll reaches a billion lives. In essence, you are witnessing a nuclear holocaust. Fortunately, this is a completely fictitious event; something one would think was straight out of a movie. The scary part is that as more and more countries begin to acquire nuclear weapons, further nuclear research, and pursue other nuclear-related projects, this can be very real. It might happen in ten years, a few months, or even – tomorrow. The issue of nuclear proliferations is an issue of much concern by the United States. Since its creation back in the 1940s through the Manhattan project, the atomic bomb has been the bane of society, in terms of the level of potential threat it holds for the international community. The focus of this paper looks at U.S. policy towards nuclear proliferation, both past and present, with a special focus on the status of North Korea. For some analysts and many governmental officials, North Korea seems to be the next big threat to U.S. and international security. Proponents of this belief cite statements made by North Korea, efforts to enrich used fuel rods, and other pursuits to utilize nuclear power in some way or other. In an effort to really break down on a critical level the United States’ approach towards the country of North Korea, this paper examines not only the historical context of U.S./North Korea relations, but also the U.S. stance towards proliferation among such countries as Iran, Libya, Israel, India, Pakistan, and other countries. In using other countries to compare and contrast U.S. policy, hopefully this will bring about some sort of rationale behind the approach to North Korea. Understandably, the issue is way more complex than just a chosen stance towards each individual country. History, political balance, as well as, the intent of the U.S. administration at the time shape the policy instituted toward the particular country. A Colored History On June 27, 1950, President Harry S. Truman â€Å"authorized the use of American land, sea, and air forces in Korea; a week later, the United Nations placed the forces of 15 other member nations under U.

Renaissance (1300-1650), the Industrial Revolution Essay

Throughout history, slavery has played a very prominent role in shaping the world’s societies and economies. Across three time periods in particular, slavery throughout the world has notable similarities and differences in areas such as the status of slavery, the way slavery influenced society, and the motivation for a civilization to practice slavery. These time periods are the Renaissance (1300-1650), the Industrial Revolution (1700-1900), and World Wars I and II (1914-1945). Renaissance The time period known today as the Renaissance was, as its name means, a â€Å"rebirth† of Greco-Roman values. It was a reaction against the Dark Ages and stood in stark contrast to the medieval time period before it. The practice of slavery was no exception. Whereas slavery had fizzled out during the Dark Ages, it was instituted again during the Renaissance. Slavery in the Renaissance began in Spain, and for a while the Spanish played the primary part in the slave market. Soon, though, slavery spread to the other parts of Europe. This was especially true with the case of the Italian city-states in which the Renaissance boomed. As the Renaissance grew in Italy and as the city-states expanded, slavery became more and more widespread until Italy became a main user of slaves (Hooker). In contrast to slavery in the later periods of the Industrial Revolution and the two World Wars which is explained later in this essay, slavery in the Renaissance was not solely based on race, but mostly religion (at least in Europe; another type of slavery was practiced in America during the Renaissance, as explained later). Europe and Africa at that time was divided between Christians and Muslims, and so slavery in nations dominated by either religion was based on captured people from the other religion. In other words, in the Renaissance, Christians mostly enslaved Muslims and Muslims mostly enslaved Christians. In the case of the Italian Renaissance, Muslims slaves came from â€Å"Spain, North Africa, Crete, the Balkans, and the Ottoman Empire† (Hooker). The vast majority of slaves at the beginning of the Renaissance were white (Hooker). But as the Renaissance progressed, black slaves began to be used more and more widely. In the beginning of the Renaissance, these African slaves were acquired through Arabs in North Africa, who also held them as slaves. When the Portuguese started exploring the African coast, they participated in a black slave market, shipping slaves to the Americas and back to Europe (Guild). El Mina was the first slave trading post set up by the Portuguese on the West Coast (â€Å"Gold Coast†) of Africa (Guild). Thanks to enslaved Africans, the Portuguese were especially successful in their plantations in the islands off the west coast of Africa known as the Cape Verde, where they transported many of the Africans they enslaved to work in plantations there (Gascoigne). While most slaves in the Industrial Revolution did hard labor in fields, most slaves in the Renaissance were domestic slaves. This means that they did work in the home, doing duties for their masters around the house. Rich people in the cities almost always had one or more slaves. Instead of the brutal, inhumane treatment of slaves common in the Industrial Revolution, slave-owners during the Renaissance commonly integrated their slaves into the family. In both the Industrial Revolution and the Renaissance, masters claimed all rights for their slaves; they did with them what they willed. Therefore, there arises the similarity between all three time periods in that commonly the slaves were used as sex slaves, although sex slaves in the World Wars were used mostly just for sex, not for hard labor. When masters in the Renaissance had an illegitimate child with a slave, the child was not a slave but was free (Hooker). However, when a child was born to a slave and its master in the Industrial Revolution, the child became a slave like its mother (â€Å"Master-Slave†¦). While most slaves were domestic in the Renaissance, another form of slavery was surfacing, slaves used for cheap labor in plantations. In the Renaissance, slaves were starting to be used in plantations, mostly in America, but also in plantations in Italy and off the coast of Africa (Gascoigne). So, in both the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution, at least some slaves were used for hard labor. The Portuguese were the first to put slaves to work in plantations, and slaves soon came to be used on plantations in the Americas by nations such as Spain, Holland, France, England, and the Netherlands. The first slaves they enslaved in these colonies were the native peoples, but soon, the native population began to dwindle. Since Portugal had been exploring the coast of Africa and since Africa had a booming population of people, Africans became the people they predominantly enslaved (Guild). Thus, racial slavery was started. Blacks came to be viewed as lower than human, and this view spread to all the nations which came to have plantations in America. Millions of blacks were imported to plantations for sugar, spices, tobacco, coffee, etc. during the span of the Renaissance (Hornsby). Industrial Revolution Slavery went through many changes during the course of the Industrial Revolution. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, slavery on plantations that had developed in the Renaissance continued to grow in the Americas. With the success of the plantations in America, what is known as the triangular trade began to form, and this trade majorly affected the world’s economies and prosperity. This system of trade is known as the triangular trade because the directions of travel for the trade were in the shape of a triangle—from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe. Items such as weapons, liquor, jewelry, and products made from cotton were taken to Africa from Europe and traded for slaves. These were loaded on ships and taken to the Americas. Conditions in the ships were horrible. Thousands of slaves were chained in very tight spaces in the ships. Disease permeated the hold where slaves were kept. Slaves laid in their own excrement and urine, and were fed barely anything. Many slaves died or committed suicide—an average of 16% of slaves. When the horrible trip was over, the remaining slaves were auctioned and sold in slave markets to plantation owners in the Americas. The products made in the plantations, such as tobacco, coffee, sugar, spices, and molasses which could be made into rum were then shipped to Europe, completing the trade system. The British were the primary traders in this system, but other nations participated (Gascoigne). Slavery greatly affected the Industrial Revolution. It made it possible to create and grow products in a shorter period of time and for less money. All the master had to do was to provide food, which he have very little of, so slaves provided very cheap labor. In the case of America, slaves operated the new inventions such as the cotton gin to make cotton products easier. This greatly affected the economy of America. The prosperity in the South boomed as agriculture continued to see success. This cotton industry and therefore the textile industrial majorly drove the Industrial Revolution in America. It became the primary export and cash crop. Hundreds of thousands of slaves were imported until 1808, when the American slave trade was banned. Still, hundreds of thousands of slaves were moved across America to the South and West to work on cotton plantations. These plantations and slavery in general brought in a huge profit for the American people. A similarity between slavery in the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution can be seen here—both used slavery as a catalyst for economies (â€Å"Africans.. †). But a difference is that most slaves in the Renaissance were domestic slaves in homes and were considered part of the family (Hooker). However, most slaves in the Industrial Revolution were plantation slaves and were considered less than human and were subjected to incredibly harsh treatment by their masters. However, near the Industrial Revolution, there was more of an awareness of the brutalities of slavery and more of a movement to stop it than the Renaissance. The final time period that will be discussed in this essay is the World Wars from 1914 to 1945. World Wars Forms of slavery used during World Wars I and II from 1914 to 1945 were very different from slavery before it and slavery after it. The wars during this period of history had a huge impact on all aspects of society, and so the status of slavery and the motivation for slavery was largely based on the huge wars taking place. During World War I and the time after it before World War II, outright slave traffic continued to be curbed in the areas of the world still practicing slavery. The slave trade still continued underground between countries in eastern Africa, especially Ethiopia, and the Middle East, especially Arabia. Throughout this period before World War II, there were outrages about revealed underground slave trades with enslaved Africans in Liberia and the Congo, and enslaved Native Americans in northern Peru (â€Å"Slavery†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953. During his regime, millions of people were forced to work in labor camps. This was in accordance with the USSR’s Labor Code, which stated that all citizens must labor for the government. Prisoners, enemies of the state, and other convicts were sent to do hard manual labor in Siberia during this time. Citizens were accused of being enemies of the government and sent to work without a trial and without much grounds at all. Like in the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution, Stalin used his massive free labor force to build up the Soviet Union’s economy and to industrialize the nation. Labor projects included building roads and railroads, building houses and power plants, mining, cutting trees, working in fields, etc. The workers were given nothing but food. One third of all the workers died from the poor environment in which they worked and from starvation and the cold. They were brutally treated on unjust bases. Therefore, this â€Å"corrective labor,† as it was called, is really slavery at its core. World War II was the instigation of several other types of slavery, also, such as POW slavery, Holocaust slavery, and sexual slavery. Nazi Germany captured enemy civilians and soldiers and brutally enslaved them to fill the gaps in the workforce. Much of the weaponry made by the Germans during World War II was made by slaves. One manufacturing company alone – Krupp—held 100,000 slaves by the end of the war. Many of these slaves died from exhaustion, starvation, and lack of basic necessities. They were kept in stables like livestock. Those that didn’t die were forced to work in German factories and farms. In 1944, Germany held 9. 5 million slaves—7 million civilians and 2. 5 million captured soldiers. Russian women that the Germans captured were held as domestic slaves, and Russian adolescents that the Germans captured were apprenticed to German businessmen. Not only were the Germans notorious for their brutal system of slavery for prisoners of war, but even worse, they enslaved innocent Jews and other â€Å"undesirable† people during the Holocaust. As a method of exterminating them, these people were sent to labor camps where they were treated even worse than the prisoners of war. Children from 6-years-old up were forced to work in these camps. Slaves mined, built weapons, sewed, etc. Slaves there were driven to work too hard in tight spaces with the poorest of living conditions. They had poor and meager food rations and a shortage of shelter and clothing. Loads of people died from diseases such as tuberculosis, from being overworked, from the cold, and from starvation. Their corpses were systematically burned in huge crematoriums (Sylvester – everything above). The fact that there were scandals about slavery and labor camps during the time period of the World Wars indicates a similarity and difference between this time period and the Renaissance/ Industrial Revolution. A similarity is that all three time periods had some forms of slavery to enhance nations’ economies and extract resources. But a difference is that slavery in the World Wars was looked down upon and was underground, whereas it was not in the Renaissance. But there lies a similarity between the World Wars and the Industrial Revolution, in that in both, measures were enacted to end slavery and the slave trade. However, World War II had labor camps for prisoners of war and specific races, which had never been done before. It also had sexual slavery, which though it had been practiced before, never to the extent it was carried out in World War II. Some captured slaves in the World Wars were used as domestic slaves, as they were in the Renaissance. But in the World Wars, there was not the worldwide slave trade there was in the Renaissance and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Part 222 Introduction The 18th century English poet William Cowper’s poem, â€Å"Pity for Poor Africans,† accurately portrays the world’s mindset throughout history about slavery. A line from that poem reads, â€Å"I pity them [slaves] greatly, but I must be mum, for how could we do without sugar and rum? † This sums up much of the world’s motivation for millennia for slavery. Throughout history, slavery has been a way to easily derive resources and produce goods. It has played a very prominent role in shaping the world’s societies and economies. Though it may have struck a chord with peoples’ consciences, the world did not know how else to get luxuries and how to live without them, and so the world allowed this horrific practice to go on. This essay details more of how slavery was used as an economic stimulus, how the world finally took action against it, and what forms of it still were used after this action took place. Across three time periods in particular, slavery throughout the world has notable similarities and differences in areas such as the status of slavery, the way slavery influenced society, and the motivation for a civilization to practice slavery. These time periods are the Renaissance (1300-1650), the Industrial Revolution (1700-1900), and World Wars I and II (1914-1945). Conclusion As one can clearly see, slavery has been a major factor in affecting and molding the world’s economies and societies throughout all of history. It has gone through major changes, affecting the world as a whole, especially in three time periods, namely, the Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and World Wars I and II. Throughout all three and under many names, it was used as cheap labor to easily produce goods and advance civilizations’ economies. This slavery did, and it played a massive role in getting the world to where it is today. Without slavery, America might not have been industrialized or industrialized as quickly. Without slavery, we would not have the manufactured goods we have today. However, I am by no means condoning slavery; if slavery had not been practiced, millions of innocent, beautiful people would have lived their lives in freedom and would not have been torn away from their homeland, families, and livelihood to go labor without profit for people who abused and beat them. The Civil War would have been largely prevented if it weren’t for slavery. Though slavery was mostly domestic in the Renaissance, this does not make it any better. Also, the plantation slave emerged in that time period, and the triangular trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas continued well into the Industrial Revolution. Men achieved luxury through the pain and misery of others. Thankfully, mankind realized, though later than it should have been, how deplorable this system was. Finally, they put an end to it through abolitionist movements that spread throughout the world at the end of the Industrial Revolution. Yet, slavery continued in several other forms into the 20th century. Throughout the time period of the World Wars, labor camps emerged. Though these were seen as punishment for criminals and war prisoners, they were slavery at root, used to industrialize and make transportation routes, weaponry, etc. These labor camps were even used against innocent Jews and other â€Å"undesirables† during the Holocaust. Unbeknownst to the world for a time, even outright and brutal slavery was still used as exemplified by King Leopold of Belgium. Sexual slavery is another often overlooked form of slavery that had been carried out through past time periods like the Renaissance and Industrial Revolution but that was executed en masse by the Japanese during World War II. Still today, the pernicious act of slavery continues to be practiced, though concealed to the world, in underdeveloped countries of the world. Let us hope that mankind’s conscience continues to overshadow its greed and that slavery continues to be fought until it is completely wiped out the whole world over.

The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Essay Example

The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Essay Example The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Paper The effects of the evolution of the tennis racquet Paper The game has changed dramatically over the last 30 years with the advancement of racquets being the major factor, of which most of the tactical techniques are finally being based around. This is because the racquet technology is increasing the power at which players can hit the ball which is changing the game in terms of technique hugely. This has in particular helped the service dominate matches, often leading to very little break of serve; simply because the services can be so powerful that its near impossible for a player to return them at all/with any accuracy. The power at which the ball can now be hit is the major factor in terms of tactical changes by players and coaches in tennis, as in the 1980s players were struggling to reach 110mph yet with the modernization of the tennis racquet players are aiming to serve at 130-150 mph; which is obviously a dramatic increase and will obviously have to play a part in the tactics of the game.  A big change which has been noticed as new players have been coming through to be successful are the lack of serve volleyers, in particularly on the grass court. The only real successful player using the serve volley at the last Wimbledon was Tin Henman. This is because the players can hit the ball so hard from the baseline and get convincing and aesthetically pleasing winners that they dont need to serve and volley; then players who do try and use the serve volley tactics can easily be beaten by powerful shots from the baseline players. In particularly recently you can see the base line players coming out on top in all the tournaments and the over all rankings. For example in the rankings at the moment we can only really see one player ranking inside the top 10 that uses the serve volley tactic effectively; which is A. Agassi, although in comparison to players such as Tin Henman he uses the tactic rarely. The baseline players such as Federer, Safin, Ferrero and Roddick are dominating the tennis scene at the moment with their powerful services and powerful base line shots. Many people today argue that the evolution of the tennis racquet has gone too far and has made the sport too easy to win in very shot rallies and thus making it very boring in terms of a spectator sport. This is because the players can generate so much power and speed due too the advanced size, shape and materials of the racquet design that its now much easier for players to get aces or play shots which will easily pass the opponent. The introduction of rollers also benefits players massively as they work by distributing the force of the ball throughout the string bed rather than just he direct strings which had been struck by the ball; almost making the string bed act like one large string striking the ball rather than a bed of them. The string bed compresses much farther when the ball strikes it, this is said to make the string bed livelier; this not only increases the power of the shot but also reduces the effort of the shot and also the shock of this shot. The players have to keep up with the technology of the new racquets else they will be left at a distinct disadvantage to players who are utilising the technological advances. Although many people argue that some rules and regulations should be laid down to stop any further development of the tennis racquet as they argue that the game is becoming to boring to watch as the rallies are usually over in a 1, 2 or 3 shots. While this may be down to player skill its more likely that it is down to the development of the tennis racquet as in the 1980s and 1990s the average shots per rally were much higher than they are nowadays. To make the mens game in particular more exciting to the viewing public measures should be taken in order to reduce the power at which the ball can be hit; this will reduce the big servers advantage and make serve returns easier and thus making the rallies average length increase again. This could be done by putting limitations on the racquets which would cause a lot of complications and would be hard to standardise the racquets to meet each players need but still make them less powerful. Another much easier way of effectively slowing the game down and making it more aesthetically pleasing would be to change the type of balls used; as this would be simple to test and put into use in comparison to trying to change all the racquets which would cost much more money and cause a lot more hassle for tennis players and governing bodies. For example they could make the balls more absorbent and so absorbing some of the power from the racquet and making it travel slower and bounce less. Bibliography http://news.bbc.co.uk/.

The Catcher in the Rye Essays - Literary Realism, Free Essays

The Catcher in the Rye Essays - Literary Realism, Free Essays The Catcher in the Rye - foreshadowing - The use of forshadowing in a novel can help it's reader get a sense of what is to come in the story without giving away the events themselves. It is a powerful tool which prevents events from being left unexplained, leaving the reader question the effectivness of an outcome. The eventual breakdown of the character Holden Caufield in J.D. Salinger's controversial 1945 novel "The Catcher in the Rye" was foreshadowed in the early chapters of the book. The first clue is his negative approach to life. He begins by talking about his "lousy childhood" (p.1) and the first traces of profanity can be seen scattered about the page in the form of "crap", "hell" and "goddam". Holden's first sign of distrust comes when he speaks to Ward Stradlater about his date with Jane Gallagher: "Listen. Give my regards, willya?" "Okay," Stradlater said, but I knew he probably wouldn't... "Ask her if she still keeps all her kings in the back row." "Okay," Stradlater said, but I knew he wouldn't. (p.33-34) This is seen again when he doesn't trust Stradlater to stop his advances of Jane in the case that she says no. Holden gives up his faith in people to trust him when he boards a bus holding a snowball. The driver refuses to believe that Holden won't throw the snowball so he draws the conclusion that "People never believe you." (p.37). He is also always placing labels upon people as being "phonies" which gives the reader the idea that Holden thinks that others are materialistic. Holdens attempts to protect the innocence in the world is another early sign of his deteriorating state. When Holden goes to Pheobe's school to deliver his note he sees some swearing of the wall which he says "drove me damn near crazy" (p.201). He wipes the words from the wall in an attempt to prevent the inevitable from occuring, leading the reader to believe that he may experience some mental unstability in the future. Eventually he comes to the realization that he can't rub all the profanity away himself. Another example of Holden's attempt to shelter innocence is the fact that he never does call Jane, possibly for fear that she will scar his memories of her as an innocent child. The title of this novel presents this theme to the reader in that Holden wants to be "the catcher in the rye" (p. ) so he can catch all of the children that sway to close to the edge of a cliff in thier play. Perhaps the most obvious example of foreshadowing in the novel occurs when his parents come close to having him "phsycoanalyzed and all" (p.39) when he breaks all the windows in the garage. Throughout the novel he refers to himself as "a madman" (p.79) which gives the reader the idea that he sees himself as having a sort of mental problem. These two peices of evidence alone present a fairly firm idea of what will happen to Holden towards the end of the story. The use of foreshadowing is evident in the novel "The Catcher in the Rye". It does it's job well in that it foretells the outcome of Holdens many problems and gives reason for it. The eventual breakdown of Holden is not startling to the reader because of the authors use of foreshadowing and therefore it is effective.

Real estate law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Real estate law - Coursework Example to be followed when the rent is defaulted, the provisions available under the break clause for the tenant and what needs to be done by both landlord and tenant when the agreement is made outside of Part II of the Landlord & Tenant Act 1954. As per the Landlord and Tenant Law UK, there have been proposed new procedures for landlords when there is a default from a commercial tenant. It is necessary for the commercial landlords to review their procedures when there is an instance of commercial tenants default in giving rent. The new rules and regulations for commercial tenants default came into existence from April 2012. The name of the new process is given as Commercial Rent Arrears Recovery or CRAR. The rule is being made in such a way that it is only be available in case of pure rent arrears along with any other components associated with the rent, which is considered to be a part of the rental like VAT and interests on rent. However, service charges and insurance would not come under consideration. The CRAR will replace the common law that offers right to the distress of rent (Martin 2009). As far as the distress is concerned it allows the landlord to sell off the goods of the commercial tenant up to the value of the rent without initiating any legal proceedings. With the new law it is mandatory for the landlord to initiate legal proceedings before selling off the commercial tenant’s goods to recover the rent. In this scenario as the tenant, Spotted Dice Limited, is a defaulter of the rent to the landlord, the landlord has every right to file a case against the commercial tenets under the CRAR Act and proceed accordingly to recover the rent and the associated components that come under the rental of the commercial premises (Pawson & Mullins 2010). According to Justice Minister Helen Grant, the aim of the introduction of the new law is to protect the vulnerable people from aggressive bailiffs. In this scenario if the landlord has a written lease or rental

Needs and Critical Aspects of Small and Medium Enterprises Essay

Needs and Critical Aspects of Small and Medium Enterprises - Essay Example On the other hand, marketing is also a key element. Although it is easy to market an innovative idea, it doesn't usually happen. Many novel ideas are only found practicable when someone faces problem years later, only to find that the solution had been there years ago. Other inputs that are crucial is the entrepreneur's ability to take measured risks, how adaptable he is, ability to identify a need in the market as well as find a niche or a universal selling proposition in order to make this product appealing to the consumer in the marketplace. We as humanity have come a long way, progressed from the stone ages into the new millennia via information superhighway. But time doesn't end here and nor will the need of mankind to prosper, thrive and flourish! Discuss the relationships among entrepreneurship, innovation, and marketing in the SME new venture context. It is important to use both academic theory and research to support your arguments. You should include up-to-date research from journals; however, you must not just quote the research, as you are expected at a university to show that you can also analyze and comment on the implications of the research. Include in your assignment good examples from business (and personal experience if possible) of this relationship, remembering to give examples of notable successes as well as failures, and the lessons that can be learned from them both academically and entrepreneurially. Since ages, man has always wanted to engage in new endeavors and look for innovative ways to prosper. This is how; he usually tries to maximize profit by investing his intellectual capital. This urge has always brought novel accomplishments for themselves as well as their countries. However, this has not always been a successful activity. And this is the point that brings us to our discussion regarding 'Relationship among entrepreneurship, innovation, and marketing in SME new venture context.' SMEs are an essential driving force that keeps economies operating; they play a crucial role in the generation of employment. However, in order to secure such a position a minimum level of innovativeness within these companies needs to be maintained. A research on factors for winning innovations can give a much efficient strategy from these organizations as well as the public sector in developing motivating surroundings. Since the fall of Rome to the eighteenth century, there was 'no' escalation in per capita wealth creation in the west. However, with the start of entrepreneurship, per capita, wealth generation and earnings in the West rose interestingly by 20 percent in the 1700s and kept on increasing to 740 percent in the1900s (Drayton, 2004). This was some exemplary growth. All through this time, entrepreneurial thinking has evolved by random twist and turns and reflective developments offering new conceptualizations of what it means for something to be entrepreneurial. It is now widely accepted by both Academy and in business schools globally that the management field has changed its vision and perspective on entrepreneurship. In past 5 years, the Academy of Management's Entrepreneurship Division has "dramatically outpaced the growth of every other division" by 77 percent (Shaver, 2004).

Budgeting in Health Care Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Budgeting in Health Care Organizations - Essay Example There are numerous other types of budgets such as annual statistics budget and revenue budget and they vary according to their purposes (Gapenski). These budgets can vary across different health care institutions. The reason for this is the diversity of the financial structures, organizational culture and reporting systems of organizations (Finkler and McHugh, 2008, p.171). The process by which health care organizations design and implement budget based on such organizational structure, culture and reporting system determines whether they will achieve budgeted operating margin targets. This is demonstrated in the experience of University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics (UUHC). It was found that the institution's personnel are not knowledgeable on budgeting and finance and that there is no organizational mechanism or aspect of the organizational culture that encourage the education of the staff. As a result, expenses always exceed the budget and what is worse, the extra expenditures are found to be unnecessary (Clark, 2005, p.79). Budgeting, or correct budgeting, is important because it supports the operation of the health care organization. ... lth care institutions and it needs budgeting in order to maintain positive performance and deal with problems, such as "shrinking revenues and rising expenses" (Schwieters and Harper, p.76). The benefit of budgeting is aligned with the importance of cost information. As managers and hospital personnel are informed about budgeting and cost, a sound operating budgeting process can finally be implemented in order to achieve financial health. This point was explained by the intervention introduced at UUHC in 2004 to improve budgeting results. The organization pursued an aggressive education drive for its staff about budget and finance, "offering incentives to stay within budgets, holding budget variance meetings with managers, and requesting corrective action plans from managers". The result was improved budgeting performance. The intervention model highlighted by the case of UUHC included an important tool in budgeting: variance analysis. It is a method that focuses on comparisons of ac tual results and budgeted expectations for each line in the budget of each cost center in the health care organization (Finkler, Ward and Baker, 2007, p.200). The flexible budgeting variance analysis is one of its types that is widely used in health care organizations. The methodology follows a framework of gathering information the comprehensively cover the composition of departmental expenses. This could lead UUHC, for instance, to subdivide total variance (the difference between standard prices and quantities and actual prices and quantities) into three: price, quantity and volume (Baker, 1998, p.128). Baker explained these three in detail: Price variance pertains to the proportion of the overall variance caused by the differences between actual and expected price input; Quantity

The Wicked Day by Mary Stewart Essay Example for Free

The Wicked Day by Mary Stewart Essay The Wicked Day, Mary Stewart’s concluding volume of the four-book series called the Arthurian Saga proved to be another fantastic display of mastery in Middle Ages inspired literature. Stewart’s primary modification the original Arthurian legends is making Mordred, originally Arthur’s twice-removed cousin, into Arthur’s bastard son to his half-sister Morgause. Although I initially did not like this alteration, this book proved to be an enchanting version of the original legend of King Arthur and his knights after all. What I liked about it most is its non-typical approach to the characters. In the original legends which I’ve also read, the dialogue used was not very exciting, and the emotional impact of events that unfolded was not so intense. Stewart’s take on Arthur is a lot more mature, making her book stand heads and shoulders above the bland mass of other fairy tales whether in book or screen which is based on the story. She presents Arthur, Mordred, Morguese and the rest as three-dimensional characters in a realistic world. Arthur himself was not shown as a faultless leader, neither was Morguese shown as evil incarnate as she usually was in the original where she also wasn’t portrayed to have had an affair with Arthur. Morguese in Stewart’s book was shown more like a victim of circumstance, and even Mordred was humanized in Stewart’s tale, a man without lack of conscience who must battle his own demons and settle his grievances against a father who abandoned him. I think these elements make the entire saga and its inevitable ending portrayed in this installment as a lot more morally gray, it makes it hard for me to judge whether a particular character is good or bad and I ended up not doing so at all. Truly a treat for Arthur lovers everywhere, the magic in her book is subtle yet captivating. Source: Stewart, Mary. (1983). The Wicked Day. Ballantine Books.

Callenges Of Life :: essays research papers

Challenges of Life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jerry is a young boy in, the story of â€Å"Through the Tunnel.† He has a very big challenge which is swimming through a tunnel. By swimming through the tunnel he will be able to prove to the older boys and especially to himself that he can reach his goal if he sets his mind to it. Jing-mei and her mother from the story â€Å"Two Kinds,† also have a couple of challenges they must face. In this story, the mother is so eager for her daughter to excel, that she pushes and pushes until the daughter finally pushes back.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jerry wants to do something very challenging. He wants to swim through a long tunnel, but must hold his breath some throughout his journey. When he sees boys (older boys) diving into the water, lasting a long time under water, and coming out a couple of meters away, he tries to so the same thing. It seems to be very easy for them. Jerry tries to do this a couple of times, but he is not successful. After his unsuccessful attempts he decides to practice holding his breath for a long time before trying it again. â€Å"A controlled impatience makes him wait.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story of â€Å"Two Kinds,† a mother tries to make her daughter do things that she is not interested in doing. Jing-mei had always head her mother talking about â€Å"America† and how wonderful and different life would be once they arrived. Jing-mei never liked the plans her mother had for her. Her mother wanted her to be a perfect kid. (Or at least what her mother thought o perfect child ought to be like.) Jing-mei’s greatest challenge was to inform her mother that she wasn’t interested in being the perfect child. She simply wished to be accepted as herself. One day Jing-mei performed a musical piece on a piano at a talent show. After her horrible performance, father, mother, and Jing-mei drove home disappointed, especially mother. Jing-mei went to her room went they arrived home. Her mother went to Jing-mei’s room shouting and yelling at her about her awful performance. talked back and told her mother that is this wasn’t for her to be so controlling of her life. â€Å"Why don’t you like me the way I am?† exclaimed Jing-mei.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I mentioned previously, Jing-mei’s mother wanted her daughter to be a perfect child. She sent her to piano lessons with a retired piano teacher. Mother cleaned houses for a living. She would find magazines in the houses she worked for.

A Second Adolescence

He is healthy, has no known diseases or a family history that would suggest him particularly prone to illness. He awakening into a life and body he no longer recognizes. He has physically let himself deteriorate In a dark cubicle showing no Importance to his physical self (Lachrymal, 2004). Concern for ones physicality Is important in accepting the changes of middle age and being comfortable in one's own body (Sharon, 1998). He begins to recognize his own body s importance because off crush he develops on his daughter's friend.Starting to work out and place Importance on how he looks Is symbolic of his acceptance of his new body (Ben-Earl, Leave, & Shave, 2008). His office job has made him somewhat sedimentary yet it appears to have little effect on his physical wellbeing except in athletic terms he begins to address. His body and physical image becomes important to him. He wants to feel attractive and begins working out vigorously. He once again sees himself as a sexual being and wa nts to feel good about himself physically. Ben-Earl, Leave, & Shave, 2008) Changes at his Job serve as a catalyst for Lester to begin a transformation in his life in order to unify his self image with the actuality of his everyday Life(Lachrymal, 2004). Family dynamics: Luster's relationship with his wife Is In shambles. They no longer support each other or have a sexual relationship. His relationship with his daughter is almost nonexistent and it is unclear if there is any extended family. No close familiar relationships exist in Lester life. It Is clear though that there was a time that he and his wife and daughter were happy.He often reminisces of a time when he had less to no responsibility and his whole life ahead of him. He feels stifled by his family and his Job and has no outlet to address this problem. Throughout the period of observation Lester makes a complete circle to self acceptance. He takes some drastic tepees but they are In the end successful. He develops a sexual obsession with his daughter's friend which functions to snap him out of his state of complacency and begin to mix things up in every area of his life.He effectively begins to identify himself as an adolescent would testing boundaries and forming a new personality(anger, 2004). Caroline Is the dominant member of the family. She Is louder and more demanding than her child or partner. Image Is everything to her. 1 OF 7 important to her than her actual ability to successfully fill these roles(Barnett, 2004). Her whole persona is a set of illusions that are not based on reality. She is materialistic and lives in a world of half truths and delusion. As a mother her actions are hollow and self serving.They are for show as opposed to being truly supportive or helpful. She is overcritical, berating Jane on her appearance repeatedly. Adolescence is a time which is difficult for both the child and the parent(Anger, 2004). On the one hand a parent must be supportive an seen as in a position of authority while still giving their child room and space to mature and grow into the adult they are attempting too. Respecting an adolescent's budding maturity while arming an adult relationship with them is extremely hard on a parent, who still sees their child as being a child.It does not count to pretend to be friends with the adolescent, and being ‘cool When what they want is a level of actual respect and consideration, which is the case between Jane and Caroline. It is so important for Caroline to appear to be listening to and understanding her daughter that she loses sight of the person Jane is. As a father he is unable to connect with his daughter. Lester begins to try to talk to her but at this point she is uninterested in meeting him half way and it's unclear she ever will. The obvious attraction he has to Angela alienates Jane and separates them emotionally further.Father and daughter could potentially be allies against Carolynn ‘s conformist nature, but Luster' s adolescent fantasy puts them permanently at odds. By paying more attention to the object of his desire, Angela, he proves to Jane that her feelings are of no consequence to him. He genuinely seems to want a more honest relationship with Jane, but fails to see the connection between his feelings for Angela and his parental role. Lester is able to play a parental role for Angela that he cannot for his own daughter. He manages to e comforting and accessible. As a wife Caroline is the first to step out on their relationship and partnership.In order to feel like a woman and sexually attractive she begins a sexual relationship with an icon of her chosen profession(Barnett, 2004). She is able to validate her decisions through this sexual relationship. His perceived success emboldens her in her primary relationship(Ben-Air, Leave, & Shave, 2008). Psychological Influences: Lester becomes aware all off sudden that he is unhappy with his life. He makes a conscious decision to change his surr oundings and instead of losing his Job which as the probable outcome of restructuring at the office, he takes a stand and refuses to be overlooked.Revealing an abuse of power he is able to manipulate his bosses to give him a year's salary with benefits. This freedom allows him to begin a path to self discovery that codifies his self image with how he is perceived by the world. Over the course of the few months we have access to Lester he goes through distinctive stages of development akin to that of an adolescent. Risky serves as an attachment relationship for Lester. He is able to form a close secure attachment to Risky and egging to stretch the boundaries of his previously rigid position in family as well as community(Sable, 2008).This is in line with the convoy theory (Antibiotic, Kamala, & Dashiki, 2004) which stipulates that attachment relationships change and continue to form over time. Risky serves to both father and daughter as a stable reliable relationship that the can cou nt on(Sable, 2008). This allows Jane to express openly comfortable and confident with her changing body. It allows Lester to once again believe in himself as having worth and no longer defining himself solely as a husband and father. He begins to explore what he really wants and what he needs to do to get there. He finally begins to start doing for himself.Although in the most classic terms possible he is living out a midlife crisis, it appears that for him this is a process of maturation and acceptance he previously did not have a chance to experience(Lachrymal, 2004). He is mirroring the psychological experience his daughter should be going through(Morris, Silk, Steinberg, & al. , 2007). He buys the car he wants, starts working out, starts smoking pot and standing up to his wife. Lester brazenly demands respect and independence both in his family and Job. He exclaims that things are changing and no longer allows his wife to bully him or talk over him.He makes a loud and overt dema nd for respect. He wants the same amount of freedom as his wife and daughter and symbolically breaks the bonds of restraint by disrupting dinner, breaking a plate against the wall and demanding a change of music, atmosphere and pecking order. It is the first clear step towards Lester being able to redefine himself both internally and externally(Lachrymal, 2004). Theoretical perspectives: The majority of middle aged people report having more satisfaction and less anxiety bout their abilities and describe a sense of perfecting skills(Lachrymal, 2004).Stereotypically the midlife crisis hits a huge percentage of people yet only a small percentage actually seem to. It is a period in which people have a chance to review their decisions and life choices, and come to terms with what they have achieved or not achieved. They may be exactly where they want to be or some may have to adjust their self image to incorporate the way their life actually looks potentially leading to crisis. This is t he case of Lester Barman. He describes waking up from a 20 year mom and finally becoming aware of, and wanting to participate in his surroundings.Luster's internal world is pretty much dead before meeting him. He describes an awakening one day with the feeling that his life is n. Tot his and he no longer recognizes the different systems he is involved in. Using his work difficulties as a catalyst, he becomes able to change his entire life into something he can accept(Antibiotic, Kamala, & Dashiki, 2004). Lester seems to have not formed a functional attachment style with anyone in his life until he ‘wakes up' (film) after feeling like he had ‘been in a coma for 20 years. He starts to develop an attachment relationship with Risky in a sense.He eventually becomes comfortable with what he feels is his true self, and secure with Risky. Psychological Progress: Insinuators and Bowls idea that attachment forms and changes over the life span supports the idea that Lester gains a sense of security through his relationship with Risky(Antibiotic, Kamala, & Dashiki, 2004). Rick's attachment to his father is nonexistent. He feels protective of his mother but neither of his parents has provided safety or comfort for him in moments of distress, one of the most salient bobs of a caregiver(Sable, 2008).He instead has to take on the role of care-giver and protect and defend his mother who is otherwise helpless and alone. Risky easily slips into a similar role with Lester, being the familiar role he is used to. Lester gains wisdom and self awareness by mirroring an adolescent sexual attraction. He exploration and discovery an adolescent typically engages in (Aren't, 2000). Instead of his parents Lester rebels and redefines himself within in the family structure he has created as an adult. He pushes emotional limits and attempts to make connections in ewe and more passionate ways.Coming full circle Lester finally is able to accept the man he is and the life he lives. H e goes through a growing process a kin to that an adolescent would when creating an adult identity. Lester tests his new self out in all of the major areas of personality and finds himself in a body he accepts with a persona he is comfortable with(Anger, 2004). Luster's restraint in not having a sexual relationship with Angela demonstrates a level of maturity he did not previously possess indicating successful personality growth towards adulthood.When Lester anally sees Angela as the child she is and is able to comfort her expressing fatherly instinct his competence as a father is proven to him. He is able to reassure her without being patronizing and respecting her growing maturity, an important role parents play for adolescent children(Anger, 2004). In a sense Lester uses Angela as a proxy for his daughter as soon as he identifies her as something more than a sexual object. The fact that Lester recognizes the extent to which a sexual relationship with one of Cane's friends would b e inappropriate, the love he has for his daughter and ole as a father is reestablished.Lester gains solace by looking at a picture of the glory days of his family where they are all smiles. His ability to renew his life and find beauty in the ups, downs and seemingly mundane moments is testament to his development as a mature, well adjusted adult(Lachrymal, 2004). SOCIAL FACTORS: Gender Roles / Gender Conformity: Lester and Carolina's marriage does not follow strict gender roles in the classic sense of man as bread winner woman as home maker (Lore, 1994). Carolyn views herself as the bread winner of the family. She has proclaimed herself the captain of her emails social standing.She believes that one's social position can be directly related to economic gains. For her, money and material gains are the most important marker of one's overall success socially. Making money is the most important thing for her. It is unclear how much money she actually contributes to the family, but â₠¬Ëœsole bread winner' is a role she takes on readily if loudly (Mikhail, 2004). It is a typically make role, yet she somehow thinks that by both worrying about economic status and appearance she deserves more credit and admiration (Barnett, 2004). She is the first o fully disregard her marital relationship.Her sense of entitlement increases as their relationship moves forward. Masculinity and Homophobia: Considering masculinity to be socially constructed provides men with agency in forming the prevalent view of masculinity. Masculinity being malleable allows us to step back and identify exactly what we require of men to be ‘manly' in our society (Kismet, 2004). The pressure is insurmountable for some people. Risky dad is unable to accept himself for who he is and his internalized homophobia is so devastating that he feels he is forced to act to defend his manhood.Luster's truthful acceptance of the realities of his life in the end is what ends his life. Not accepting popular c ultures definition of masculinity and the freedom that allows is Lester is terrifying to a man who has based his life around not admitting or accepting the truth of his situation. Military Perspectives on Homosexuality: homosexuality. Don't ask don't tell (DADA) being the official position thought of by some as a progressive policy for the military was not repealed until 2011(Bird,2014).Showing how ingrained homophobia is in a military psyche. The staunch difference teen other nations policy on civil equality, even in the military is astounding. Take for example the United Kingdom and Australia's response to transgender soldiers serving verses the United States. Julia Bard's 2014 New York Times article ‘The Courage of Transgender Soldiers' elucidates Just how polarize these nation's policies actually are (Bird, 2014). ‘Department of Defense regulations don't allow transgender individuals to serve in the U.S. Military, based upon medical standards for military service. â €  (Bird, 2014) The official position of the United States military is hat being transgender is a mental disorder as defined by the ADSM Ill of 1980(American Psychiatric Association, 1980), instead of adopting the current medical standard for considering gender nonconformity (gender dysphasia) not as a psychological disorder in and of itself (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Solidarity and respect are shown to transgender members of the military in both the U.K and Australia while the United States military continues to use an antiquated theory of gender, allowing official intolerance (Kernighan, 2012). Homophobia in the Military: In 1999 DADA was the official Clinton era policy adopted by the United States in 1993 (Burlier, 2010) to address civil equality in the military. Homosexuality remained a disagreeable ‘offence' when openly expressed changing very little for LIGHT military personnel. Same-sex orientation after DADA was enacted was still a disagreeable offenc e.The law did not prevent service members from being asked about their sexuality rather it removed questions sexual orientation from recruitment questionnaires. Military members and prospective recruits were not allowed to discuss their same-sex orientation risking discharge or denial of entry if they did Burlier, 2010). The argument for not allowing homosexual service members to disclose was the concept that ‘an open statement by a service member that he or she is a homosexual will create a rebuttal presumption that he or she intends to engage in prohibited conduct,' (Burlier, 2010 p. ). Regulations are not put on heterosexual service members discussing their personal exploits, fantasies or desires. Several sexual practices are considered ‘prohibited' both under military code and civil courts, yet the assumption is not made that these acts have or ever will take place. DADA did very little for improving the actual situation and daily lives of LIGHT service members. The actual number of discharges due t same sex relationships was not significantly different before and during DADA policy years (Burlier, 2010).Rampant homophobia was a social requirement isolating and associating closeted LIGHT service members (Kier, 1998). The fear at being discovered was a daily reality. Anyone could tern a soldier in for same sex activity, actions as innocuous as holding hand. This leaves individuals suspected of homosexual ‘conduct' (Burbler & 1995) alienable physical and verbal attacks as well as official action being taken. Hetero- normative principles were the sole cultural atmosphere. Colonel Frank Fits served in the military even before DADA was the official policy.The much more restrictive, abrasively homophobic policy adopted during the time of his service shaped his attitude was a requirement of service. Any closeted member of the military would have to internalize feelings of self hatred due to the constant anti gay rhetoric. Internalized homophobia and it Repercussions: Frank Fits identifies himself purely based on his military experience. He has no identity other than colonel. He does not take on or identify with the role of husband or father. He coldly treats his family as cadets below his rank.His own sun refers to him as Colonel or Sir as one would a superior officer. The fact that Frank Fits cannot be anyone but the coroner he once was makes it impossible for him to explore, let alone accept feeling and attitudes that the military looked down on. Introspection does not exist for him. Orders, fear and denial run this man's life. His sexual curiosity and feeling of lust towards men are so unacceptable to Frank that he builds is life around his explicit homophobia. Cool. Frank Fits' residual self hatred, fear and shame pushed him to most the extremes of discrimination and racist principles.His internalized homophobia shaped his relationship with those closest to him, his wife and son who he alienates (Frost, Meyer, 2009). H iding this part of his internal self in the end defines his entire life. Offensively attacking any chance he got to not have his internal self exposed to the public or himself. Lashing out offensively is a defense strategy so that he will never be exposed to others or himself. The anguish and embarrassment Cool. Fits experiences by being what he thought to be rejected by Lester provoked emotions so strong that he had to kill Lester to be able to live with himself.Luster's comfort and ease while discussing his own marital relationship mixed with misunderstanding previous events convinces Cool. Fits that Lester is a closeted homosexual. The fact that Lester is neither actually gay, nor homophobic shattered Cool. Fits' world. The Cool had to play the role of the macho heterosexual for so long made that he became overly Jealous, controlling and abusive to his wife. Being less aggressive would have made him appear weak in his military unconsciousness. This fact made it inconceivable that Lester could be unapologetic, calm and without anger or Jealousy at the fact that his wife was with another man.A freedom Frank Fits could never allow himself. He ends Luster's life right at the moment that Lester is able to achieve something that the Cool. Cannot, self acceptance. Conclusion: Luster's acceptance and renewed love of life ends up being what kills him. Lester is able to accept in other people facts that they cannot accept about themselves. Cool Frank Fits does not possess the skills to regulate his emotions or cope internally hen faced with a threatening situation, choosing instead to lash out in violent anger (Morris, Silk, Steinberg, & al. , 2007).For Frank Lester becomes the embodiment of all the sexual feelings he cannot except within himself. Killing Lester is a desperate attempt to kill the feelings Frank most fears. Lester reaffirms his identity as a well adjusted adult when rejecting his foolish adolescent urges. He accepts what he has accomplished and is at peace with who he is, uniting the image he has of himself with the actuality of his life. Typically this type of review is done later in life(Lachrymal, 2004). Lester is afforded the luxury of being at peace before he dies even though it is sudden.